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. Petroleum Industry Segments. Refinery Feedstocks. Refinery Products Part 2. Refining Processes. Refineries Part 3. Refinery Profitability. People. Hydrocarbon production maps If we are successfulyou will:. Gain insight into the basics of the refining process. Understand how a refinery makes desired products out.

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* Offers detailed description of process chemistry and thermodynamics and product by-product specifications of plants * Contributors are drawn from the largest petroleum producers in the world, including Chevron, Mobil, Shell, Exxon, UOP, and Texaco * Covers the very latest technologies in the field of petroleum refining processes * Completely updated 3rd Edition features 50% all new material

Handbook Of Petroleum Processing

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This handbook describes and discusses the features that make up the petroleum refining industry. It begins with a description of the crude oils and their nature, and continues with the saleable products from the refining processes, with a review of the environmental impact. There is a complete overview of the processes that make up the refinery with a brief history of those processes. It also describes design technique, operation, and, in the case of catalytic units, the chemistry of the reaction routes. These discussions are supported by calculation procedures and examples, sufficient to enable input to modern computer simulation packages.Download
Thoroughly revised and expanded, by 50%, the new edition of this handbook is a comprehensive guide to all aspects of petroleum refining processes. The author defines the technology, pollution control and economic aspects of 60 processes

Handbook Of Petroleum Refining

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Petroleum refining involves refining crude petroleum as well as producing raw materials for the petrochemical industry. This book covers current refinery processes and process-types that are likely to come on-stream during the next three to five decades. The book includes (1) comparisons of conventional feedstocks with heavy oil, tar sand bitumen, and bio-feedstocks; (2) properties and refinability of the various feedstocks; (3) thermal processes versus hydroprocesses; and (4) the influence of refining on the environment.Download
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining present the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental impact of refining. Petroleum refining is a unique and critical in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to the pump. The other add value to petroleum mainly by moving and storing it (e.g., lifting crude oil to the surface; moving crude oil from oil fields to storage facilities and then to refineries; moving refined products from refinery to terminals and end-use locations, etc.). Refining adds value by converting crude oil (which in itself has little end-use value) into a range of refined products, including transportation fuels. The primary economic objective in refining is to maximize the value added in converting crude oil into finished products.

Handbook Of Petroleum Refining Processes Fourth Edition

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This fully revised resource presents the latest technologies and processes for petroleum refining from the world’s leading producers. Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes has become a key reference in the chemical and petroleum engineering markets. The book is unique in that it presents licensable technologies for the refining of petroleum and production of environmentally acceptable fuels and petrochemical intermediates. The new edition covers the gamut of global refining technologies in light of recent changes to the sources of these fuels, as well as the most up-to-date global environmental regulations. Contributions come from such major licensors of petroleum refining technology as UOP, Inc., Shell, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company (EMRE), Chevron Lummus Global, Phillips 66, Belco, BP, and others. The new edition shifts its emphasis to accommodate the increased production of shale gas and shale oil which is changing the overall mix of hydrocarbon feeds. Declining conventional crude production and the need for regional energy independence continues to drive demand to use lower-cost, alternate feedstocks such as coal, shale oil, and heavy crude. To use alternate feedstocks in existing refineries, many processes need to be modified. The increase in diesel demand and stricter fuel specifications is driving refiners to look for ways to produce higher yields from existing assets. The book reflects these factors, plus the increase in residue conversion; hydrocracking evolving as a primary conversion process; and hydrotreating increasing as a way to treat virgin and cracked middle distillate streams. Offers detailed description of process chemistry and thermodynamics and product by-product specifications of plants Contributors are drawn from the largest petroleum producers in the world, including Chevron, Shell, ExxonMobil, and UOP Covers the very latest technologies in the field of petroleum refining processes and the shift toward shale gas and oil A complete listing and explanation of licensable global technologies for the refining of petroleum and the production of environmentally acceptable fuels and petrochemical intermediates Provides product-by-product specifications and process economics – capital investment annualized capital costs and the price range for each productDownload
This work highlights contemporary approaches to resource utilization and provides comprehensive coverage of technological advances in residuum conversion. It illustrates state-of-the-art engineering methods for the refinement of heavy oils, bitumen, and other high-sulphur feedstocks.

Refining Processes Handbook

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For the first time, an essential reference for the multi-billion dollar petrochemical industry that covers the complex topics involved in refining.Download
If staying on top of the latest developments in the petroleum refining process industry is part of your work; this one-stop resource delivers comprehensive coverage of how major players are taking these processes to new heights through technology. --

Petroleum Processing Handbook

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A reference that details the pertinent chemical reactions and emphasizes the plant design and operations of petroleum processing procedures. The handbook is divided into four sections: products, refining, manufacturing processes, and treating processes. Wherever possible, shortcut methods of calcula

Description

Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics.

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The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental impact of refining, which are not commonly discussed in most refinery textbooks. Throughout the source, problem sets and examples are given to help the reader practice and apply the fundamental principles of refining. Brett aqualine em 100 manual download. Chapters 1-10 can be used as core materials for teaching undergraduate courses. The first two chapters present an introduction to the petroleum refining industry and then focus on feedstocks and products. Thermophysical properties of crude oils and petroleum fractions, including processes of atmospheric and vacuum distillations, are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. Conversion processes, product blending, and alkylation are covered in chapters 5-10. The remaining chapters discuss hydrogen production, clean fuel production, refining economics and safety, acid gas treatment and removal, and methods for environmental and effluent treatments.

This source can serve both professionals and students (on undergraduate and graduate levels) of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Technology. Beginners in the engineering field, specifically in the oil and gas industry, may also find this book invaluable.

• Provides balanced coverage of fundamental and operational topics
• Includes spreadsheets and process simulators for showing trends and simulation case studies
• Relates processing to planning and management to give an integrated picture of refining

Readership

Students in Chemical Engineering, practitioners in refineries, and consultants to the Oil and Gas industry

Preface
1. Introduction
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Refining Processes
1.2.1. Physical Separation Processes
1.2.2. Chemical Catalytic Conversion Processes
1.2.3. Thermal Chemical Conversion Processes
1.3. Refinery Configuration
1.3.1. Type of Products
1.3.2. Environmental Regulation
1.3.3. Crude Assay and Quality
1.3.4. Refinery-petrochemical Integration
1.3.5. Development of New Technology
2. Refinery Feedstocks and Products
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Composition of Crude Oils
2.2.1. Paraffins
2.2.2. Olefins
2.2.3. Naphthenes (cycloalkanes)
2.2.4. Aromatics
2.2.5. Sulphur Compounds
2.2.6. Oxygen Compounds
2.2.7. Nitrogen Compounds
2.2.8. Metallic Compounds
2.2.9. Asphaltenes and Resins
2.3. Products Composition
2.3.1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
2.3.2. Gasoline
2.3.3. Kerosene
2.3.4. Jet Fuel
2.3.5. Diesel Fuel
2.3.6. Fuel Oil
2.3.7. Residual Fuel Oil
2.3.8. Lube Oil
2.3.9. Asphalt
2.3.10. Petroleum Coke
2.4. Physical Property Characterization Data
2.4.1. Fractionation
2.4.2. True Boiling Point Distillation
2.4.3. ASTM Distillation
2.4.4. Simulated Distillation by Gas Chromatography
2.4.5. API Gravity
2.4.6. Pour Point
2.4.7. Viscosity
2.4.8. Refractive Index
2.4.9. Freezing Point
2.4.10. Aniline Point
2.4.11. Flash Point
2.4.12. Octane Number
2.4.13. Cetane Number
2.4.14. Smoke Point
2.4.15. Reid Vapour Pressure
2.4.16. Water, Salt and Sediment
2.4.17. Molecular Weight
2.5. Chemical Analysis Data
2.5.1. Elemental Analysis
2.5.2. Carbon Residue
2.5.3. Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis
2.5.4. Hydrocarbon Family Analysis
2.5.5. Aromatic Carbon Content
2.5.6. SARA Analysis
3. Thermophysical Properties of Petroleum Fractions and Crude Oils
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Basic Input Data
3.2.1. Specific Gravity
3.2.2. Boiling Point Curves
3.2.3. ASTM Distillation
3.2.4. True Boiling Point Distillation
3.2.5. Conversion between ASTM and TBP Distillation
3.3. Pseudo-Components
3.3.1. Breakup of TBP Curve into Pseudo-components
3.3.2. Breakup of TBP Curve into Pseudo-components Using Generalized Form
3.3.3. Calculation of Pseudo-components Specific Gravities
3.4. Thermophysical Properties Calculation
3.4.1. Molecular Weight
3.4.2. Viscosity
3.4.3. Refractive Index
3.4.4. Molecular Type Composition of Petroleum Fractions
3.4.5. Pseudo-critical Constants and Acentric Factors
3.4.6. Generalized Equation for Thermophysical Properties
3.5. Calculation of Enthalpy of Petroleum Fractions
3.6. Estimation of Properties Related to Phase Changes
3.6.1. Cubic Equations of State
3.6.2. Vapour–liquid Equilibrium
3.7. Calculating Properties Utilizing UNISIM Software
Questions and Problems
4. Crude Distillation
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Process Description
4.3. Operation of Crude Distillation Units
4.3.1. Fractionation
4.3.2. Overflash
4.3.3. Column Pressure
4.3.4. Overhead Temperature
4.3.5. Pre-flash Columns and Crude Column Capacity
4.4. Crude Oil Desalting
4.4.1. Types of Salts in Crude Oil
4.4.2. Desalting Process
4.4.3. Description of Desalter
4.4.4. Desalter Operating Variables
4.5. Vacuum Distillation
4.5.1. Process Description
4.6. Crude Distillation Material Balance
4.6.1. Crude Assay Data
4.6.2. Material Balance
4.6.3. Sulphur Material Balance
4.7. Design of Crude Distillation Units Using Process Simulators
Questions and Problems
5. Catalytic Reforming and Isomerization
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Catalytic Reforming
5.2.1. Reformer Feed Characterization
5.2.2. Role of Reformer in the Refinery and Feed Preparation
5.2.3. Research Octane Number
5.2.4. Reforming Reactions
5.2.5. Thermodynamics of Reforming Reactions
5.2.6. Reaction Kinetics and Catalysts
5.2.7. Process Technology
5.2.8. Material Balance in Reforming
5.2.9. Process Simulation of Reformer by Equilibrium Reactions
5.3. Isomerization of Light Naphtha
5.3.1. Thermodynamics of Isomerization
5.3.2. Isomerization Reactions
5.3.3. Isomerization Catalysts
5.3.4. Isomerization Yields
Questions and Problems
6. Thermal Cracking and Coking
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Coke Formation
6.3. Thermodynamics of Coking of Light Hydrocarbons
6.4. Visbreaking
6.4.1. Feed Sources
6.4.2. Visbreaking Reactions
6.4.3. Visbreaking Severity
6.4.4. Kinetics of Visbreaking
6.4.5. Product Yield and Properties
6.4.6. Prediction of Visbreaking Yields
6.4.7. Process Description
6.5. Delayed Coking
6.5.1. Role of Delayed Coker
6.5.2. Process Description
6.5.3. Delayed Coking Variables
6.5.4. Types of Coke and their Properties
6.5.5. Coking and Decoking Operation
6.5.6. Delayed Coker Yield Prediction
6.5.7. Process Simulation of Delayed Coking
6.6. Fluid Coking
6.7. Flexicoking
6.7.1. Yield Correlations for Flexicoking
Questions and Problems
7. Hydroconversion
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Hydrotreating
7.2.1. Objectives of Hydrotreating
7.2.2. Role of Hydrotreating
7.2.3. Chemistry of Hydrotreating
7.2.4. Hydrotreating Catalysts
7.2.5. Thermodynamics of Hydrotreating
7.2.6. Reaction Kinetics
7.2.7. Hydrotreating Processes
7.2.8. Make-up Hydrogen
7.2.9. Operating Conditions
7.2.10. Hydrotreating Correlations
7.2.11. Simulation of ARDS Unit
7.3. Hydrocracking
7.3.1. Role of Hydrocracking in the Refinery
7.3.2. Feeds and Products
7.3.3. Hydrocracking Chemistry
7.3.4. Hydrocracking Catalysts
7.3.5. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Hydrocracking
7.3.6. Hydrocracking Processes
7.3.7. Process Configuration
7.3.8. Hydrocracking Severity
7.3.9. Catalytic Dewaxing
7.3.10. Hydrocracking Correlations
7.3.11. Simulation of Hydrocracking Units
Question and Problems
8. Fluidised Catalytic Cracking
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Role of FCC in the Refinery
8.3. Feedstock and Products
8.4. Fluidisation
8.5. FCC Reactions
8.5.1. Primary Reactions
8.5.2. Secondary Reactions
8.6. Thermodynamics of FCC Reactions
8.7. FCC Catalyst
8.7.1. Zeolite
8.7.2. Matrix
8.8. FCC Configuration
8.9. Process Description
8.10. Modes of Fluidisation in FCC unit
8.11. FCC Yield Correlations
8.12. Material and Energy Balances
8.12.1. Material Balance
8.12.2. Energy Balance
8.13. Kinetic Model for FCC Reactor
8.14. Concentration and Temperature Profiles in the Riser
8.15. Simulation of FCC Unit
8.16. New Technology
8.16.1. Deep Catalytic Cracking
8.16.2. Catalytic Pyrolysis Process
8.16.3. Petro-FCC
Questions and Problems
9. Product Blending
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Reid Vapour Pressure Blending
9.3. Flash Point Blending
9.4. Pour Point Blending
9.5. Cloud Point Blending
9.6. Aniline Point Blending
9.7. Smoke Point Blending
9.8. Viscosity Blending
9.9. Gasoline Octane Number Blending
9.10. Linear Programming (LP) For Blending
Questions and Problems
10. Alkylation
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Role of Alkylation and Polymerization Units in the Refinery
10.3. Alkylation Processes
10.3.1. Sulphuric Acid Alkylation Process
10.3.2. Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation
10.3.3. Solid Catalyst Alkylation
10.3.4. AlkyClean Process
10.4. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Alkylation
10.4.1. Effect of Operating Conditions
10.5. Performance of Alkylation Process
10.6. Material Balance Calculations Using Yield Factors
10.7. Simulation of the Alkylation Process
Questions and Problems
11. Hydrogen Production
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Hydrogen Requirements in Modern Refineries
11.3. Steam Reforming
11.3.1. Flow Process
11.3.2. Feed Preparation
11.3.3. Steam Reforming Reactions
11.3.4. Thermodynamics of Steam Reforming
11.3.5. Operating Variables (Crew and Shumake, 2006)
11.3.6. Reformer Process Simulation
11.4. Product Purification
11.4.1. High-Temperature Shift Converter
11.4.2. Low-Temperature Shift Converter
11.4.3. Carbon Dioxide Removal
11.5. New Developments in Steam Reforming
Questions and Problems
12. Clean Fuels
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Specifications of Clean Fuels
12.3. Production of Clean Fuels from Crude Oil
12.3.1. Deep Desulphurization
12.4. Production of Clean Fuels from Natural Gas and Coal
12.4.1. Synthesis Gas Production
12.5. Production of Clean Fuels from Biological Sources (Biofuels)
12.5.1. Bio-diesel
12.5.2. Ethanol and Methanol
12.5.3. Bio-Fuel from Flash Pyrolysis
12.5.4. Bio-Fuel from Hydrothermal Upgrading (HTU)
12.5.5. Gasification Routes
Questions and Problems
13. Residue Upgrading
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Upgrading Options
13.3. Non-catalytic Residue Upgrading Processes
13.3.1. Solvent Deasphalting
13.3.2. Thermal Processes
13.4. Catalytic Processes
13.4.1. Residue-fluidized Catalytic Cracking
13.4.2. Hydroprocessing
13.4.3. Aquaconversion
Questions and Problems
14. Safety in Petroleum Refineries
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Hazards in Refinery Units
14.2.1. Crude Oil Pre-treatment
14.2.2. Crude Oil Distillation
14.2.3. Catalytic Reforming
14.2.4. Thermal Cracking
14.2.5. Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking
14.2.6. Fluid Catalytic Cracking
14.2.7. Alkylation
14.2.8. Hydrogen Production
14.3. Safety Programs and Regulations
14.4. Accidents and Loss Prevention Measures
14.5. Risk Management and Risk Assessment
14.6. Fire and Explosions
14.7. Hazard Analysis
14.7.1. Worst Case Scenario
14.7.2. Fault Tree Analysis
14.7.3. HAZOP Case study
14.8. Safety Considerations in Plant Layout
14.9. Safe Operation Systems
14.9.1. Pressure Relief Systems
14.9.2. Flare Relief System
14.9.3. Air Emission Monitoring
14.9.4. Water Emission Monitoring
14.9.5. Solid Waste Monitoring
14.10. Emergency Alarms
14.11. Noise in Refinery
Questions and Problems
15. Acid Gas Processing and Mercaptans Removal
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Absorption of Acid Gases
15.2.1. Chemical Solvents
15.2.2. Physical Solvents
15.2.3. Membrane Absorption
15.3. Sulphur Recovery
15.3.1. Claus Process
15.3.2. Tail Gas Clean Up
15.4. Mercaptans Removal
15.4.1. Gasoline MEROX
15.4.2. Kerosene MEROX
Question and Problems
16. Refinery Economics
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Refining Capacity
16.3. Refining Costs
16.3.1. Capital Costs
16.3.2. Operating Costs
16.3.3. Factors Affecting Refinery Costs
16.4. Refining Margins
16.5. Refinery Complexity
16.6. Economic Analysis
16.6.1. Cash Flow Diagram
16.6.2. Time Value of Money
16.6.3. Inflation
16.6.4. Taxation and After-tax Cash Flow
16.6.5. Profitability and Project Evaluation
16.6.6. Case Study: Refinery Economic Evaluation
16.7. Global Trends
Questions and Problems
17. Environmental Aspects in Refining
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Wastes in Refinery Units
17.2.1. Desalter
17.2.2. Crude Distillation
17.2.3. Catalytic Reforming and Isomerization
17.2.4. Thermal Cracking and Coking
17.2.5. Hydrocracking
17.2.6. Hydrotreating
17.2.7. Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC)
17.2.8. Alkylation
17.2.9. Asphalt Production, Solvent Extraction and Dewaxing
17.2.10. Hydrogen Production
17.3. Waste Management
17.3.1. Gas Waste
17.3.2. Wastewater
17.3.3. Solid Waste
Questions and Problems
18. Overall Refinery Case Study
18.1. Introduction
18.2. The Case Study
Appendices
Appendix A Conversion Factors
Appendix B Definition of Terms
Appendix C Process Simulator (UNISIM) Manual
Appendix D Research Octane Number for Hydrocarbons
Notation
Index

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Details

Mohamed Fahim

Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait Univerity, Safat, Kuwait

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Taher Al-Sahhaf

Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait Univerity, Safat, Kuwait

Amal Elkilani

Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait Univerity, Safat, Kuwait

Ratings and Reviews

Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics.

The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental impact of refining, which are not commonly discussed in most refinery textbooks. Throughout the source, problem sets and examples are given to help the reader practice and apply the fundamental principles of refining. Chapters 1-10 can be used as core materials for teaching undergraduate courses. The first two chapters present an introduction to the petroleum refining industry and then focus on feedstocks and products. Thermophysical properties of crude oils and petroleum fractions, including processes of atmospheric and vacuum distillations, are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. Conversion processes, product blending, and alkylation are covered in chapters 5-10. The remaining chapters discuss hydrogen production, clean fuel production, refining economics and safety, acid gas treatment and removal, and methods for environmental and effluent treatments.

This source can serve both professionals and students (on undergraduate and graduate levels) of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Technology. Beginners in the engineering field, specifically in the oil and gas industry, may also find this book invaluable.

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Petroleum Refining Process Diagram

Refining Petroleum Book Pdf Format

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